| + | Plus |
Adds the two objects
|
3 + 5 gives 8.
'a' + 'b' gives 'ab'.
|
| - | Minus |
Either gives a negative number or gives the subtraction of
one number from the other
|
-5.2 gives a negative number.
50 - 24 gives 26.
|
| * | Multiply |
Gives the multiplication of the two numbers or returns
the string repeated that many times.
|
2 * 3 gives 6.
'la' * 3 gives 'lalala'.
|
| ** | Power |
Returns x to the power of y
|
3 ** 4 gives 81
(i.e. 3 * 3 * 3 * 3)
|
| / | Divide |
Divide x by y
|
4/3 gives 1 (division
of integers gives an integer).
4.0/3 or 4/3.0 gives
1.3333333333333333
|
| // | Floor Division |
Returns the floor of the quotient
|
4 // 3.0 gives 1.0
|
| % | Modulo |
Returns the remainder of the division
|
8%3 gives 2.
-25.5%2.25 gives 1.5 .
|
| << | Left Shift |
Shifts the bits of the number to the left by the number of
bits specified. (Each number is represented in memory by
bits or binary digits i.e. 0 and 1)
|
2 << 2 gives
8.
- 2 is represented by
10 in bits. Left shifting by 2 bits
gives 1000 which represents the
decimal 8.
|
| >> | Right Shift |
Shifts the bits of the number to the right by the number
of bits specified.
|
11 >> 1 gives
5 -
11 is represented in bits by
1011 which when right shifted by
1 bit gives 101 which is nothing
but decimal 5.
|
| & | Bitwise AND |
Bitwise AND of the numbers
|
5 & 3 gives
1.
|
| | | Bit-wise OR |
Bitwise OR of the numbers
|
5 | 3 gives 7
|
| ^ | Bit-wise XOR |
5 ^ 3 gives 6
| |
| ~ | Bit-wise invert |
The bit-wise inversion of x is -(x+1)
|
~5 gives -6.
|
| < | Less Than |
Returns whether x is less than y. All comparison operators
return 1 for true and 0 for false. This is equivalent to
the special variables True and
False respectively. Note the
capitalization of these variables' names.
|
5 < 3 gives
0 (i.e. False) and
3 < 5 gives
1 (i.e. True).
Comparisons can be chained arbitrarily:
3 < 5 < 7 gives True.
|
| > | Greater Than |
Returns whether x is greater than y
|
5 < 3 returns
True. If both operands are numbers, they
are first converted to a common type. Otherwise, it always
returns False.
|
| <= | Less Than or Equal To |
Returns whether x is less than or equal to y
|
x = 3; y = 6; x <= y
returns True.
|
| >= | Greater Than or Equal To |
Returns whether x is greater than or equal to y
|
x = 4; y = 3; x >= 3 returns
True.
|
| == | Equal To |
Compares if the objects are equal
|
x = 2; y = 2; x == y returns
True.
x = 'str'; y = 'stR'; x == y returns
False.
x = 'str'; y = 'str'; x == y returns
True.
|
| != | Not Equal To |
Compares if the objects are not equal
|
x = 2; y = 3; x != y returns
True.
|
| not | Boolean NOT |
If x is True, it returns
False. If x is False,
it returns True.
|
x = True; not y returns
False.
|
| and | Boolean AND |
x and y returns False
if x is False, else it returns evaluation
of y
|
x = False; y = True; x and y returns
False since x is False. In this case,
Python will not evaluate y since it knows that the value of
the expression will has to be false (since x is False).
This is called short-circuit evaluation.
|
| or | Boolean OR |
If x is True, it returns True, else it
returns evaluation of y
|
x = True; y = False; x or y returns
True. Short-circuit evaluation applies
here as well.
|
